'Ethics Notes Chapters\r'

'Ethics, and compassionate sort respectable issues exist in on the whole aras of vile nicety system (from passage of legal philosophys to punishment) wrong Justice professionals have discretion Legislators: In making laws Police: In enforcing laws Attorneys and Judges: affecting Justice process Correctional Professionals: affecting offenders lives What do criminal Justice professionals have in common? precedent to view as ratiocinations duty to enforce the law comp bit to provide â€Å"due process” and â€Å"equal surety” for every last(predicate) commitment to â€Å"public service” Goals of the champaign of ethics -BrawledBecome aw atomic number 18 of and open to ethical issues dispirit developing critical thinking skills Become more individual anyy responsible Understand coercive piece of the Justice system Develop wholesales (the ability to look for with ones heart as sound as ones mind) shaping Terms incorrupts The judgment of behavior as right or wrong. Ethics The study and summary tot what constitutes g * The two words are often used interchangeably. Or bad conduct. Meta-ethics practiced investigation of the meaning of ethical terms, as well as how ethical statements corporation be verified. prescriptive ethics Definition of right conduct and lesson duties. Plied ethics Application of ethical tenets to specific issues or fields. Professional ethics Examination of the behavior of authorized professional groups. Duties Moral obligations that one moldiness unravel out to be considered ethical. Supererogatory An act that goes beyond duty and is non required to be considered defence or moral. Imperfect duties General obligation with no specific acts. Honesty Health Family Financial advantage Beauty What else are values? argon more or less more important than others? To be Ouagadougou or immoral,behavior must involve: human acts of free will signal detection others Inventory of estimable IssuesIndividual or opposite Employees backstabbing and escape of support gossip internal or racial harassment lying to cover up turn on taking credit for others work nerve and Employees sexual or racial harassment by supervisors disapprove honest criticism or feedback arbitrary or unfair decisions inadequate compensation inadequate preparation unrealistic or inappropriate demands putting employees in unnecessary danger By the Individual and Organization work ethic ( long time work for a old age pay) petty theft of supplies or cash extra time abuse gifts and gratuities falsifying reports misuse of sick days arsenal use of supplies or equipment Morality and style Even when citizenry know what is right, sometimes they ask to do wrong?why? Criminology Psychology Other fields strain to answer this question Are people basic tot all(prenominal)yy commodity or fundamentally bad? Thinking Point Omar Thornton of Connecticut walked into his employer, capital of Connecticut Distributors, for a he aring concerning his possible termination. During the con countation, Thornton pulled out a pistol and shot ten of his coworkers, killing eight, before turning the gun on himself. What caused Thornton to carry oh t this minority act? Was he born intrinsically bad? Was he a veracious person that had a tragic turn of serving that forced him into a criminal act? Morality = rectitude ? honest Issues and Dilemmas Decentralization of soft drugs? Sex-offender registries? Death penalisation? Mandatory DNA testing? Three-strikes legislation? racial profiling? Steps for Clarifications Dilemmas Review all the facts. get word relevant values of all parties. Identify all moral issues. Identify most immediate moral issue. Resolve the dilemma. CHAPTER 2: Determining Moral Behavior Ethical Systems Deontological Ethical Systems Teleological Ethical Systems Ethical pharisaism According to German philosopher Emmanuel Kant: ill (motivation) is the lonesome(prenominal) thing that is intrinsi cally comfortably. Duty is required behavior. It is self-imposed and necessary to morality.The Categorical Imperative Ethical Formalism: Imperatives Categorical imperatives Are absolute. Are based on good will. Determine morality. You must not lie. Criticisms of Ethical Formalism Utilitarianism leered Beneath An actions morality depends on how very much it contributes to the overall good of society. Humans are hedonistic. They seek to maximize pleasure and avoid pain. DOD for the sterling(prenominal) number On April 20th, 2010 a British fossil oil offshore rig exploded killing 11 employees ND causing one of the largest oil spills in modern history. Investigators soon located the faulty alert systems. The alarms did not alert because they had been intentionally disconnected come together to a year ago.BP had the alarms turned off in order to allow employees to sleep without being discontinue by false alarms thus creating a repair functioning workforce. If the alarms were ena bled, the rig would have automatically entered shut down mode, virtually eliminating the oil spill. Was Ups original â€Å"act” inherently good? Bad? Did they have a duty to act one way or the other? Criticisms of Utilitarianism Religion People hold divers(prenominal) opinions about which religion is the â€Å"true” religion. People in spite of appearance a religion often disagree on how to interpret its principles. Religious controversies are often effortful to resolve. Natural Law Criticisms of Natural Law How can we determine what is natural law versus man-made law? What are the â€Å"natural” laws of morality?The Ethics of law Aristotle True virtue is the median between extremes of address: the golden mean. People develop moral virtues through practice, Just uniform any other strength. Daemonic: liveliness the â€Å"good life” Six Pillars Josephs Institute) Trustworthiness : Honesty, sincerity, verity Respect : Golden Rule Responsibility : wo rld accountable Fairness : Equality, impartiality, and due process lovingness : Altruism and benevolence Citizenship : Duties of citizenship Criticisms of Ethics of Virtue basically assumes a good person will make a good decision. Little help for people facing dilemmas. The Ethics of Care Western ethical systems focus on issues like rights, laws, and universalism.Ethics of care?nurture, meeting needs Criticisms of Ethics of Care Criticisms of Egoism Violates universalism. logically inconsistent (for everyone to try and maximize self interest). learn egoism is not too diametric from flavourless imperative or golden rule. Other Methods epithetical finish Making The imperative principle directs a decision maker to act according to a specific, inflexible rule. The utilitarian principle determines the ethics of conduct by the DOD or bad consequences of the action. The generalization principle is based on this question: â€Å"What would happen if all similar persons acted this way under similar circumstances? General Principles federation Making Obtain all facts (including the effects of prospective decisions). Evaluate whether odd be comfortable with your decision appearing on the front page (in public view). Consider ones principles to be like a formula †applicable in all situations. Relativism Ethical Relativism Moral systems are products of an individual or group. If people believe different things are good and bad, how can you define what is good? Situational Ethics: A compromise between relativism and absolutism There are basic principles of right and wrong. They can be employ to ethical dilemmas and moral issues. They may call for different results in different situations. 1.Treat each person with the consequence respect and care. . Do ones duty or duties in such a way that one does not violate the first principle. Summary of Ethical Systems Ethical formalism: What is good is that which conforms to the categorical imperative. Utilitarianism: Wh at is good is that which results in the greatest utility for the greatest number. Religion: What is good is that which contorts to Gods will. Natural law: What is good is that which is natural. Ethics of virtue: What is good is that which conforms to the Golden Mean. Ethics of care: What is good is that which meets the needs of those concerned. Egoism: What is good is that which benefits me.\r\n'