Strategic Business Plan for Coca Cola Case Study

Strategic Business Plan for Coca Cola - Case Study Example It manufactures and markets almost 400 brands of beverages in over 200 countries across the world, while over 70% of its revenue comes from within United States alone. It describes itself as a 'local company' as it makes use of local and regional people for its employee base. (Nelson et al, 2006) This paper will study the ways in which the HRM can be conducted so as to up the performance of the company. This will be done through a SWOT analysis as well as an analysis of the industry and competitor base. Finally, the improvement, implementation and management reviews will be put forward. The soft drink industry is one of the largest in the world. In countries like the US and India alone, this industry boasts of a turnover between 6 Billion dollars and 60 Million dollars. This is an industry that caters to the creation of non alcoholic and soda based beverages. The US figures alone for this industry have been depicted below. (Nelson et al, 2006) Michael E Porter has paved the way for revolutionary strategising trends and a whole new perspective on competition through his competitive advantage theory. In the corporate world, Porter's first book Competitive Strategy (1980), which he wrote in his thirties, became an international best seller, and is considered to be an authoritative piece of work on corporate strategy. The book, which has been published in nineteen languages and re-printed approaching sixty times, changed the way business leaders' minds worked. Further, it remains a guide of choice for strategic managers on a global scale. Apart from being rich in lessons about why and how industries, regions, and nations succeed or fail, this book is of great value as the first serious attempt to develop a really original grand theory of national economic development processes since the early years of Postwar development economics, and one of the most original ways of thinking about development policy in years. Source: M E Porter, 1998 This brings us to a discussion on the technicalities of the model proposed by Porter. Porter's Five Forces model provides suggested points under each main heading. When taken into consideration individually, each of these gives rise to the development of a broad and sophisticated

Network Security Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Network Security - Outline Example Network security has advanced from a fascinating curiosity to a vital rather essential part of the network management activity for potential corporate users in all sectors of the economy. Successful test projects are helping an increasing number of institutions to make the shift towards incorporating security measures in their organizations. In the recent past, last decade, network security implementations have shifted the focus from the relatively small early adopters to a much larger group of organizations that use the network security to expand and comprehensively cover the networking capabilities and enhance their solicitation to their clientele. This report examines the state security implementation on an organization’s network based on the success stories and perceived benefits. It examines the objectives, background and level of detail into implementing the service. Further, the report incisively looks at the motivation for making the technological shift from wired infrastructure to wireless networking solutions and nature of the expected implementation Majority of the existing organizations, commercial and non commercial, have in the very least installed a certain security mechanism in their organizations. This comes in the form of simple firewall to a complex layered network of switches, routers etc. in a single room to rolling out large campus areas and few metropolitan area networks. Granted the continuing forecasts and advances for network technology and the pervasive use of network applications., the era for implementing tight network security in an organization is at hand. Organizations are growing increasingly concerned about security of their data, especially as the very value of their data continues to increase. This value refers to what strategic and planning information that the data can be used for. Network security has been overlooked in this rising awareness about security. It is often not possible to put a price tag on the stored data but the organization knows that it is its most valuable asset. Compromising or expo sing the information can cause them pervasive damage of their brand and reputation. Organizations ought to adopt security strategies, for instance, tagging data with a level of confidentiality to make sure only those permitted have access to such data (Connolly and Begg 2009). Security strategies are designed as the overall plans to mitigate risk. As mentioned earlier, most organizations have security strategies, but miss out on network security or do not adequately address the issue. A comprehensive security strategy must lessen the overall possibility of loss or harm to an organization’s data. Furthermore, the strategy must focus on the business data concerns from a statutory, contractual and legal perspective. There exist multiple regulatory standards and requirements that have imposed on the organization to address information security risks. Contracts are making it necessary to organizations to consider security of their data at all levels. Proactive network security man agement and planning can save organizations significant amounts of money and reduce the overall exposure to risk. Striking a balance between the organizational objectives and security requirements is a task that squarely falls on the IT department. They are charged with developing the ICT policy for companies in consultation with

Investigating Meaningful Teaching Essay Example for Free

Investigating Meaningful Teaching Essay Investigating Meaningful Teaching Daniel Bowen Grand Canyon University Special Education Foundation and Framework SPE-330 May 26, 2011 Investigating Meaningful Teaching Investigating what meaningful teaching is it is having teachers that are willing to teach to the whole student by having patience, compassion and developing a meaningful relationship with their students. Being a positive influence and having effective classroom management. An effective teacher is a teacher that wears many hats such as a coach, actor, cheerleader and friend. Having the ability to read their moods, body language, when and what may cause them to become frustrated. Also having a deep belief in each and every student has the ability to learn and achieve. In an interview with four teachers, two inclusion teachers and two self contain teachers was conducted. All four teachers were asked the same questions this being a summary of the results of that interview. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) In their opinions, what is necessary for a meaningful and worthwhile teaching and learning experience? All four teachers refer to having respect for each student and students having respect for them and being consistent in enforcing classroom rules. Maintain a set of routines so the students know what is expected of them each day. Know the laws that deal with Special Education. These laws are appt to change at any time. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) How is a meaningful learning experience for students related to the teachers philosophy of education? The teachers all feel in general that a meaningful education is synonymous with their philosophy. A student must be made to feel respected, valued, and to feel safe in the classroom. Discipline is as necessary as the text without it the learning process cannot be achieved. Each teacher believed that having the understanding that each student will learn on deferent levels and different ways. It was part of their philosophy to discover the uniqueness of every student. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) Why did you want to become teachers? Why do you continue teaching? The first part of this question is generic. They all were influence by a teacher or more than one teacher as they were growing up. The second part was a little different with each teacher. In general the challenge they face every day. Having a child all of a sodden come alive. They begin to grasp the math or reading at their level seeing the excitement in their eyes when a door opens for them that once was closed. The small rewards everyday is what kept them in the classroom. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) What are two or three of their most rewarding teaching experiences? Their most challenging? Two of the teachers stated that their most rewarding experience was in having a past student call them up with an invitation to their graduation. These students stating that they would not have made it through school if these two teachers did not believe in them from the start. The others where when they observed there student achieve the understanding of basic math without a calculator and one learning how to write their name for the first time at the age of thirteen. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) What changes would they like to make in teaching? Why? They all agreed that the change they would make would be Standardize testing the F-cat (Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test). The teachers have to teach the test and not what the student truly need to be successful in the classroom. They state the biggest problem with this test is that the government is trying to outsmart the student. It is believed that they design the test to make the students to fail. One example was given were a student was a straight â€Å"A† students her whole life all through elementary, middle and high school. She took the F-cat so she could graduate and failed. She could not graduate with her class. They feel the test is not fare to student with or without learning disabilities. The changes they all agreed with was to completely do away with the F-cat and much of the paper work and go back to letting teachers teach. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) The reason I want to become a teacher is the total opposite of the teachers interviewed. I never had a teacher that left a lasting impression on my life. I had no on to mentor me as I chose to become a teacher. I became a teacher because after a few industrial accidents left me unable do anything physical for a very long time. While I was looking for something I could do. A bus driving passion came open. So I became a bus driver. As I was driving the position of a substitute teacher open I became a substitute teacher because it paid two dollars more an hour. That was as a substitute teacher that and working with the student that made me decided to become a teacher full time. Watching students struggle with their work, being able to show them how to do it correctly, and having the opportunity to see the â€Å"ahh† factor. Being able to help students learn and see them as they learned is one of the greatest experiences I had in my life time. The decision to become a Special education teacher came a little later. It was the same as when I decided to become a teacher. It was having that one on one with the student. Being able to teach a class with children that were diagnose with Downs, Autistics, Mental Retardation and the list grows. I feel in love with these children and discovered the real need for teacher in this area. This is the reason I decided to join the ranks of Special Education teachers. Through the interview I discovered an even stronger desire to become a Special Education teacher. Through these teachers interview help to enforce what I already knew. Each student is a unique individual. Having different personalities, weakness, strengths, and learning styles. This becoming one of the greatest challenges is unlocking each student mind helping them to discover knowledge. References Grand Canyon University. Syllabus module 2 (n. d. ). http://angel103. gcu. edu/section/default. asp? id=835810

A Look At St Michael The Archangel

A Look At St Michael The Archangel The Holy Scriptures often speak of created intelligences, other than humans, who worship God in heaven and act as His messengers and agents on earth (The Vatican). These beings are known as angels. Angels are mentioned in the Bible when they deliver messages, or appear in humans dreams. Gabriel is the angel who appears most to humans. Michael is called an archangel and a spirit prince. (Students Life Application Bible, Daniel 10:13, 31). The archangel Michael is also a saint and is revered world-wide. What is an angel? The Vatican describes them as spiritual, non-corporeal beings (The Vatican). This implies that angels are something altogether separate from human beings. But, angels are also blessed with free will. Angels have a choice whether to follow God or not. God at the beginning of time created from nothing both creatures together, the spiritual and the corporeal, that is, the angelic and the earthly, and thus He created human nature as having both, since it is made up of spirit and of body (The Vatican). Angels then, do not have bodies and are just spirits. They can take the form of a human, as they often do when they are mentioned in the Bible. But it is not a true body like ours. Humans are both spiritual and corporeal. We have a body and we have a soul. Angels live in heaven with God and according to St. Augustine, always behold the face of my Father who is in heaven. St. Michael is called an archangel, where does this place him? There are classes of angels, according t o Pope Gregory 1. This is the order he believed was to be the order of angels from highest rank to lowest: Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones, Dominions, Principalities, Powers, Virtues, Archangels and Angels. This points out that angels are actually are on the lowest scale of the celestial hierarchy. Even Michael, who is an archangel, is not one of the higher ranks of angels. But, we do not hear of any types of angels specifically except for the four, or sometimes seven archangels. The four archangels are Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Uriel. (Michael and All Angels) According to the Bible, an angel spoke, I am Raphael, one of the seven angels who stand ready and enter before the glory of the Lord. In Enoch: 20, the seven archangels are listed. And these are the names of the holy angels who watch: 1. Uriel, one of the holy angels, who is over the world and over Tartarus. 2. Raphael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits of men. 3. Raguel, one of the holy angels who takes vengean ce on the world of the luminaries. 4. Michael, one of the holy angels, to wit, he that is set over the best part of mankind and over chaos. 5. Saraqà ¢Ãƒ ªl, one of the holy angels, who is set over the spirits, who sin in the spirit. 6. Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who is over Paradise and the serpents and the Cherubim. 7. Remiel, one of the holy angels, whom God set over those who rise. It is often said that these angels are associated with planets of the Solar system and specifically, Michael is paired with Saturn. (Michael and all Angels). Michael the Archangel is mentioned only four times in the Bible. He is mentioned in Revelations Then there was war in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon and his angels. And the dragon lost the battle and he and his angels were forced out of heaven. This gives us the image that Michael is the one who physically throws Satan out of heaven, though it was God who banished him. Daniel states, But the prince of the kingdom of Persia opposed me twenty-one days. So Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me, and I left him there with the prince of the kingdom of Persiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.There is no one with me who contends against these princes except Michael, your prince (Daniel 21:13,21). Michael is twice called a prince in these Bible verses. This gives us an image of Michael being exulted over others in heaven and on earth. This is true, he is one of the beloved angels and he is worshipped on earth as well. According to research, Michael is also mentioned again in Daniel At that time Michael, the great prince, the protector of your people, shall arise. (Daniel 12:1). As you can see, in many of these Bible verses Michael is called a spirit prince, prince, protector of the people. Michael, in a way, is a prince. He fights for the protection of the reign of God, and he helps humans in their times of need. I admire St. Michael the Archangel because he is willing to risk everything for his Lord. Even though God does not like killing and war, he has a heavenly army and Michael is its commander. Michael fights for the one true thing he believes in. He is someone I would aspire to be like.

Understanding Of Ancient Pompeian And Herculaneum Civilisations History Essay

Understanding Of Ancient Pompeian And Herculaneum Civilisations History Essay Pompeii and Herculaneum became Roman towns more than a century before the eruption and many aspects of Roman society were reflected through their social structure.  [1]  Society in Pompeii and Herculaneum was a mix of different social classes that was well-ordered and divided into three the upper class, middle class and lower class.  [2]  Buildings, frescoes, statues, graffiti and inscriptions revealed some names and faces of men and women from all levels of society. This essay will be discussing an upper class woman, Julia Felix an upper class man Marcus Nonius Balbus and prostitution. According to the Romans the social status of men and women was influenced by their wealth, their family background or their official positions.  [3]   Julia Felix was a very wealthy Roman woman. She inherited her money from her family and owned a villa that took up an entire block in Pompeii.  [4]   A house is a strong reflection of social status.  [5]  The features and size of the house of Julia Felix suggest that it belonged to a wealthy person. It was well furnished, decorated with paintings depicting scenes from the Forum and frescoes depicting scenes from everyday life and items enjoyed by the household.  [6]   Excavations revealed that after the 62AD earthquake the house was ruined. Julia then decided to rent out part of her house to help people from the shortage of accommodation. The house then consisted of apartments, shops, toilets, gardens, and bars. She also opened her private bath to the public. This supports that the household was wealthy, as in ancient Pompeian times not all houses featured baths as they were costly. An inscription has been found in the House that said: To let, in the estate of Julia, daughter of Spurius: elegant baths for respectable people, shops with upper rooms and apartmentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the lease will expire at the end of the five years.  [7]  This suggests that women could own property without the interference of any male meaning they were independent and can take charge of constructing buildings with their own money.  [8]  This inscription also reveals that Julia was involved in business activities. She was a main public figure that made her influential in Pompeii. However historians may never know the true extent of the independence of women.  [9]   When excavations took place many sections were uncovered they include, the triclinium, garden, and private bath. The triclinium in the house of Julia Felix was well decorated with frescoes depicting everyday life scenes. It consisted of marble beds with a fountain with a waterfall and three klinai, on which diners would sit to take their meals. Each couch had room for three diners who could lie down on cushions while they were served by slaves.  [10]   The private baths were complex. They consisted of a dressing room with cold tub, a warm and hot bath, a cloak room, an open pool as well as a waiting room where bathers could have a chat and purchase snacks from the tavern.  [11]  At first the bath was strictly used by the households but later it was used by the public if they paid.  [12]   The garden of the house was ample of space and water. It was divided into two parts, one part was a great viridarium decorated with statues, fountains, and marble columns whereas the other part was planted with trees and there was a fruit orchard divided by paths for walking.  [13]  And a small shrine to the Egyptian goddess, Isis was found in the garden.  [14]   Another archaeological source revealing information about the upper class is the marble statue of Marcus Nonius Balbus. Marcus was born in Nuceria, but lived in Herculaneum; he was the proconsul of Crete and Cyrene, a supporter of Octavian and the tribune of the lower class in 32BC.  [15]  He is also known as a supporter of the Vespasian in the Civil War in AD68-69.  [16]   Marcus was also an important political figure; as he was a good friend of Julius Caesar and helped in having the First Triumvirate, between Caesar, Crassus and Magnusin in 60 BC.  [17]   Inscriptions reveal that Marcus was a duumviri; he was elected ten times which indicates that he was active in the community.  [18]   The altar and statue were located near the suburban baths in Herculaneum, but unfortunately the statue was found in pieces, as the head was several meters away from the body. It is believed that the altar and statue were built in the early Augustan period, by the local senate of Herculaneum dedicated to Marcus.  [19]   Inscriptions found state: To Marcus Nonius Balbus, son of Marcus, praetor and proconsul, from the Herculaneans and Marcus Nonius Balbus, son of Marcus, proconsul, [built] the basilica, gates [and] wall with his own money.  [20]   These reveal that Marcus was named the patron of Herculaneum as the 62AD earthquake Herculaneum was ruined therefore; he donated money to the reconstruction and renewal of the city. A basilica, public baths were built along with walls surrounding Herculaneum.  [21]  Therefore, building inscriptions reveal that upper class men owned sufficient amount of money to improve qualities of the city and honour the person who built them. The altar and statue imply that upper class men were honoured and respected and had influential powers. When he passed away he was greatly honoured and this is shown through an inscription carved on the altar where his body was burnt and his ashes were collected.  [22]   Another aspect of social status in Pompeii and Herculaneum was prostitution. Prostitution was common in Pompeii. It was not illegal, as it was a normal business just like other businesses but prostitutes were considered low.  [23]  It is difficult to determine the status of the prostitutes but it was believed that they were slaves, freedwomen and foreigners many from Egypt and Syria.  [24]  Upper class women such as wives, and daughters were forbidden to practice prostitution. Prostitution was a normal part of the sexual life of any Roman man.  [25]  Many men visited brothels as well traders from other towns.  [26]  Twenty five brothels were identified by the Professor Thomas McGinn in Pompeii, whereas none were identified in Herculaneum; however it is assumed prostitution was also practiced there.  [27]   Professor Andrew Wallace-Hadrill excavating at Pompeii and Herculaneum used a criteria to identify the brothels: brothels were situated on a corner isolated from the main areas of social activity consisted of at least five rooms upstairs featuring stone beds large amount of graffiti and wall paintings Lupanar was one of the main brothels in Pompeii; it was situated two blocks east from the forum.  [28]  It was a two storey building consisting of ten stone beds with mattresses, each bed in a separate room, and a toilet under the stairs. The walls revealed the different sexual activities offered, the prostitutes names and the prices. The average price was six hundred sesterces.  [29]   Graffiti revealed the customers opinions on Lupanar and the prostitutes. One hundred and twenty graffiti were found. A graffiti states: Here I had sex with a very beautiful girl admired by many.  [30]   Prostitutes operated in different places and were differently paid depending on their social status. The poor prostitutes such as slaves did their business in archways while high class courtesans operated in better surroundings.  [31]   Prostitution was profitable, prostitutes were to register with the aediles and tax was introduced during the emperor Gaius period.  [32]   To conclude, the social status of men and women was influenced by their wealth, their family background or their official positions.  [33]  The survival of ancient buildings such as House of Julia Felix and Lupanar, and statue of Marcus Balbus, graffiti, frescoes and inscriptions greatly contributed to the understanding of the ancient society of Pompeii and Herculaneum, by revealing much information that gave historians and archeologists an insight of that ancient society.

Examination of Heathcliffs character in the plot of Wuthering Heights :: English Literature

Examination of Heathcliff's character in the plot of Wuthering Heights WutheringHeights centers around the story of Heathcliff. The first paragraph of the novel provides a vivid physical picture of him, as Lockwood describes how his "black eyes" withdraw suspiciously under his brows at Lockwood's approach. Nelly's story begins with his introduction into the Earnshaw family, his vengeful machinations drive the entire plot, and his death ends the book. The desire to understand him and his motivations keeps us engaged in the novel. His many levels cause us to delve deeper than expected, and the introspection allows us to fully explore not only Heathcliff but also the novel itself. Heathcliff, however, defies being understood, and it is difficult for us to resist seeing what they want or expect to see in him. The novel teases with the possibility that Heathcliff is something other than what he seems; that his cruelty is merely an expression of his frustrated love for Catherine, or that his sinister behaviors serve to conceal the heart of a romantic hero. We expect Heathcliff's character to contain such a hidden virtue because he resembles a hero in a romance novel. Traditionally, romance novel heroes appear dangerous, brooding, and cold at first, only later to emerge as fiercely devoted and loving. However, Heathcliff does not reform, and his malevolence proves so great and long-lasting that it cannot be adequately explained even as a desire for revenge against Hindley, Catherine, Edgar, etc. As he himself points out, his abuse of Isabella is purely sadistic, as he amuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can take and still come cringing back for more. The author does the same thing to the readers to us that Heathcliff does to Isabella, testing to see how many times the reader can be shocked by Heathcliff's gratuitous violence and still, masochistically, insist on seeing him as a romantic hero. Heathcliff drives the plot, as without Heathcliff we would not have any of the problems needed to be dealt with. Heathcliff is connected in some way to almost everyone in this novel, and unfortunately in some way he deals with them negatively. Heathcliff helps to attach all of these stories together, as he is the reason such misfortune happens to everyone and thus he sits at the crux of the basic plot. He remains throughout the novel to be somehow involved in most happenings, whether it is part of the present day with Mr. Lockwood or when Nelly recalls of his doings back in the day when Catherine was still alive.He Considering this historical context, Heathcliff seems to embody the anxieties that the book's upper- and middle-class audience had Examination of Heathcliff's character in the plot of Wuthering Heights :: English Literature Examination of Heathcliff's character in the plot of Wuthering Heights WutheringHeights centers around the story of Heathcliff. The first paragraph of the novel provides a vivid physical picture of him, as Lockwood describes how his "black eyes" withdraw suspiciously under his brows at Lockwood's approach. Nelly's story begins with his introduction into the Earnshaw family, his vengeful machinations drive the entire plot, and his death ends the book. The desire to understand him and his motivations keeps us engaged in the novel. His many levels cause us to delve deeper than expected, and the introspection allows us to fully explore not only Heathcliff but also the novel itself. Heathcliff, however, defies being understood, and it is difficult for us to resist seeing what they want or expect to see in him. The novel teases with the possibility that Heathcliff is something other than what he seems; that his cruelty is merely an expression of his frustrated love for Catherine, or that his sinister behaviors serve to conceal the heart of a romantic hero. We expect Heathcliff's character to contain such a hidden virtue because he resembles a hero in a romance novel. Traditionally, romance novel heroes appear dangerous, brooding, and cold at first, only later to emerge as fiercely devoted and loving. However, Heathcliff does not reform, and his malevolence proves so great and long-lasting that it cannot be adequately explained even as a desire for revenge against Hindley, Catherine, Edgar, etc. As he himself points out, his abuse of Isabella is purely sadistic, as he amuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can take and still come cringing back for more. The author does the same thing to the readers to us that Heathcliff does to Isabella, testing to see how many times the reader can be shocked by Heathcliff's gratuitous violence and still, masochistically, insist on seeing him as a romantic hero. Heathcliff drives the plot, as without Heathcliff we would not have any of the problems needed to be dealt with. Heathcliff is connected in some way to almost everyone in this novel, and unfortunately in some way he deals with them negatively. Heathcliff helps to attach all of these stories together, as he is the reason such misfortune happens to everyone and thus he sits at the crux of the basic plot. He remains throughout the novel to be somehow involved in most happenings, whether it is part of the present day with Mr. Lockwood or when Nelly recalls of his doings back in the day when Catherine was still alive.He Considering this historical context, Heathcliff seems to embody the anxieties that the book's upper- and middle-class audience had

The Ambassadors Body Essay -- Screen Theory Films Essays

The Ambassador's Body "Screen theory" developed in the 1970s from the work of a group of French and English film theorists including Christian Metz, Laura Mulvey, Jean-Louis Baudry, Jean-Louis Comolli, and Stephen Heath. In the form in which it has come to influencecultural studies, it combines elements of an eclectic range of theoretical perspectives, including the early structuralist work of Roland Barthes which proposes that the meanings of signifiers are determined by their position within a network of oppositions and equivalences; Louis Althusser's conceptualization of interpellation as a process of meconnaissance (misrecognition); and Jacques Lacan's seminal work on the mirror stage as a foundational step in the child becoming a subject. Screen theory treats filmic images as signifiers encoding meanings but also, thanks to the apparatus through which the images are projected, as mirrors in which, by (mis)recognizing themselves, viewers accede to subjectivity. One of its major strengths lies in its techniques for uncovering ideological messages encrypted in images, messages which are taken to have a direct constitutive impact upon their viewers. In the context of the 70s, this aspect of the theory contributed importantly to the development of a politics of the image which critiqued the mass media on the assumption that the images which they circulate shape the subjectivities of their viewers. Such a view, divorced from the heady mixture of "high theory" and left politics associated with Screen theory, remains the cornerstone of much contemporary censorship practice as well as P.C. politics. According to Screen theory, in addition to functioning as a vehicle for ideological meanings, th... ...en it is in a highly overdetermined way, from the canvas as a whole, rather than, as Lacan claims, from a single formal element, namely the image of the skull. Despite these concessions to Lacan's critics, my theoretical account of the gaze remains firmly Lacanian. In particular, I reject Screen theory's account of the gaze as specular in favor of Lacan's rival claim that the gaze is a site at which the Real disrupts the visual field. My differences from Lacan reside in an attempt to historicize his work by showing the way in which ideological factors mediate the effect of visual objects upon their viewers. *(From Chapter Six of my forthcoming Fetish: An Erotics of Culture to appear with Cornell UP, 1999; an earlier version of this same chapter will appear in Chapter Seven of Tom Rosteck ed., At The Intersection to appear with Guilford, 1998).